flag with red crosses

Flag With Red Crosses - While every effort is made to follow citation style rules, there may be some inconsistencies. Consult the appropriate style manual or other sources if in doubt.

Flag of the British Crown Dependencies, flying subordinate to the Union Jack, consisting of a white field (background) with the red cross of St George and a small yellow cross in its centre.

Flag With Red Crosses

The English flag (with the cross of St George) has been flown by the Guernsey government for centuries. In the mid-19th century, the cross of St George was displayed in cantons with the Union Jack on a background of blue and white squares. During the 20th century, several unofficial flags of Guernsey were adopted for use at sporting events and other activities, and in 1936 King Edward VIII formally approved the use of the Cross of St George flag. During World War II, the island's German occupiers banned the display of official British ensigns on Guernsey, but local ships continued to fly the flag of the Cross of St George.

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The first official flag unique to Guernsey was designed by a committee in the 1980s. Commander Bruce Nicholls, a retired Royal Navy officer and member of the committee, suggested using symbolism found on the famous Bayeux Tapestry, a work of art documenting the Norman conquest of England in 1066. On the tapestry is a banner with a yellow cross given to William I. Conqueror by the Pope. The "Cross of Guernsey" was depicted at the center of St George's Red Cross to indicate that the islands were part of the original Duchy of Normandy before becoming a Crown Dependency. The flag was officially adopted on 9 May 1985 to mark the 40th anniversary of Guernsey's liberation from German occupation. By adding the Bayeux Tapestry cross, a distinctive design was created for the Guernsey pattern without violating the flag of England. The colors and designs of national flags are generally not chosen arbitrarily, but are based on a particular history, culture or religion. Many country flags can be traced back to a common origin, and these "flag families" are often linked by common tradition and geography. The first European flags still in use feature the Christian cross, which was used extensively in the First Crusade. Of note is the British flag, the Union Jack, which includes the crosses of St. George (England), St. Andrew (Scotland) and St. Patrick (Ireland). Other European flags with crosses include Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Greece and Switzerland.

After heraldry began in Europe in the 12th and 13th centuries, European royal families adopted coats of arms which soon became the basis of their flags. These heraldic devices have all but disappeared from modern national flags, but the colors used in coats of arms are still the colors of the flags of Poland, Belgium, Germany, Spain, Hungary, Luxembourg and Monaco. The flags of Austria and the smaller states of San Marino and Liechtenstein still display heraldic emblems.

The red-white-blue flag of Holland is the most recognizable of the striped flags of Europe. Because of its use in that country's long war of independence from Spain, the flag and its colors became associated with concepts of independence and a republican form of government. After the French Revolution of 1789, this association was greatly strengthened when France adopted the same colors but using vertical rather than horizontal stripes. The choice of these colors for Stars and Stripes by the newly independent United States, however, was based on that. Former affiliation with Great Britain and the Union Jack colors. Other countries in Europe and South and Central America chose their own tricolors to adhere to the principles of liberty, equality and fraternity embodied in the French flag.

The flag of the Soviet Union was red with a yellow hammer and sickle, the traditional symbol of revolution for communists. China has also adopted the red flag based on communist organizations of that color.

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Due to the predominance of Islam in the Middle East, the choice of flag colors is generally limited to the four traditional Muslim colors of red, white, green and black. Although the flags of Turkey, Algeria and Tunisia all have a star and crescent motif, the flags of most Arab states use one or more of these colors in a tricolor. Other predominantly Muslim countries such as Pakistan and Malaysia also use the star and crescent as symbols of their Islamic faith.

Almost all sub-Saharan African country flags were created in the late 1950s and 60s and bear a strong family resemblance to one another. The two main categories are the flags of Commonwealth member states and countries formerly under French colonial control. The flags of former French colonies have vertical tricolors and are typically green-yellow-red, while the flags of Commonwealth members have horizontal tricolors and include green, blue, black and white.

The flags of Asian countries show a remarkable variety that is largely due to the development of distinct national symbols before the period of European colonization. A common pattern that can be noticed is the use of a religious or political symbol on a solid colored background. There are flags representing the sun (Japan, Nepal, Taiwan), a wheel (India), a yin-yang symbol (South Korea, Mongolia), a dragon (Bhutan) and a sword (Sri Lanka). Australia and New Zealand use modified versions of the British flag, the blue symbol.

In the Western Hemisphere, Canada uses the maple leaf as the country's distinctive symbol. The ancient political union of the five Central American countries is commemorated by their old blue-white-blue Central American flag, modified by each specific country. The common historical heritage of Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador is represented by the nearly identical yellow-blue-red tricolor they use. Some other South American countries influenced the choice of US or French flags.

Cross Of Burgundy

Since World War II, interest in flags has expanded beyond their creation and use. Political scientists, historians, sociologists, and others recognize them as expressive artifacts of the cultures of particular times and places. The academic study of the history, symbolism, etiquette, design, creation, and other aspects of flags is known as vexillology (from the Latin

, "Flag"). Such studies are promoted by several publications, as well as by the International Federation of Vexillological Associations and its members.

Images of the flags of countries around the world, as well as recordings of their national anthems, can be accessed in a special feature, World Flags and National Anthems. Flag images can also be found in articles about individual countries.

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